LPS-PG (Standard)

Lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis

LPS-PG is a purified preparation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the Gram-negative bacteria Porphyromonas gingivalis. LPS-PG is an important virulence factor in the mechanisms of peridontal disease. LPS is the principal component of Gram negative bacteria that activates the innate immune system.

LPS recognition is predominantly mediated by TLR4 [1]. The TLR4 response to LPS-PG is dependent on the presence of key accessory molecules, CD14 and MD2 [2].

LPS-PG presents a unique and heterogenous chemical structure, which differs from traditionally recognized enteric bacterium-derived LPS. The fact that LPS-PG exhibits activity in C3H/HeJ mice, which are deficient for TLR4, led to a common belief that this LPS is a TLR2 ligand [3, 4].

However, structural and functional studies of LPS-PG have revealed that it activates cells through TLR4.

The TLR2 activity of LPS-PG is ascribed to a contaminant lipoprotein [5].

InvivoGen provides LPS-PG with two grades of purity:

• LPS-PG is a standard lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preparation.

• LPS-PG Ultrapure underwent enzymatic treatment to remove lipoproteins and hence only activates TLR4.

References:

1. Poltorak A. et al., 1998. Defective LPS signaling in C3H/HeJ and C57BL/10ScCr mice: mutations in TLR4 gene. Science, 282:2085-8.
2. Darveau RP. et al., 2004. Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide contains multiple lipid A species that functionally interact with both toll-like receptors 2 and 4. Infect Immun. 72(9):5041-51.
3. Kirikae T. et al., 1999. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of oral black-pigmented bacteria induce tumor necrosis factor production by LPS-refractory C3H/HeJ macrophages in a way different from that of Salmonella LPS. Infect Immun. 67(4):1736-42.
4. Hirschfeld M. et al., 2001. Signaling by toll-like receptor 2 and 4 agonists results in differential gene expression in murine macrophages. Infect Immun. 69(3):1477-82.
5. Ogawa T. et al., 2007. Chemical structure and immunobiological activity of Porphyromonas gingivalis lipid A. Front Biosci. 12:3795-812.

Specifications

Specificity:

• LPS-PG (Standard): TLR2/TLR4 agonist

• LPS-PG Ultrapure: TLR4 agonist

Working concentrations :

LPS-PG (Standard):

• TLR4 activity: 100 ng - 10 μg/ml

• TLR2 activity: 10 ng/ml - 10 mg/ml

LPS-PG Ultrapure:

• TLR4 activity: 100 ng- 10 μg/ml

Quality control :

• The TLR4 activity is controlled using HEK-Blue™ TLR4 cells.

• The presence of other bacterial components (e.g. lipoproteins) is controlled using HEK-Blue™ TLR2 cells.

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Contents

LPS-PG is provided lyophilized :

LPS-PG (Standard):

• 1 mg of a preparation of lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (LPS-PG Standard)

• 1.5 ml endotoxin-free water

LPS-PG Ultrapure:

• 1 mg of an ultra pure preparation of lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (LPS-PG Ultrapure)

• 1.5 ml endotoxin-free water

 LPS-PG is shipped at room temperature.

 Store at -20°C.

Upon resuspension, prepare aliquots of LPS-PG and store at 4°C for short term storage or -20°C for long storage.

Resuspended product is stable 1 month at 4°C and 6 months at -20°C when properly stored.

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